Ideas for addressing... Energy Security

We could reduce knowledge & capacity gaps by offering more trainings in local communities to various stakeholders - in the knowledge development and in the sustainability of each specific theme & dimension - by the promotion of capacity building of decision makers, farmers, users of water-energy-food nexus, farmers, fishermen, technical professionals and the population as a whole.

Preserve available resources with more governance and a better coordination of infrastructure investments.

Human and institutional capacity needs to be strengthened as foundation to address all other existing knowledge gaps. Capacity building should be done in close consultation with affected parties and preferentially on location or in neighbouring African countries and not necessarily at educational institutions overseas. Local needs should be carefully evaluated in consultation with local individuals. Try to avoid "top-down" approaches, but rather foster partnerships an alliances to increase acceptance of capacity building. Gender issues need to be addressed.

The African curriculum are theoretical with no practical [aspects], take for example an agricultural officer who study from the city right from primary up to university has never seen the process through which a plant go through up to the time of harvest, this is an officer who can not differentiate between a plant and weed.

Outcomes of climate change risk and vulnerability assessments need to be mainstreamed into key implementing institutions. These assessments should be the departure point for capacity building excises owned by local institutions.

Accompany strengthening of institutions, accountability of public servants. A stronger governance at a political level is the first step for effective international cooperation. Perception of corruption also dis-encourages entrepreneurism and trust in communities.

Improving information flow within existing water governance structures such as Uganda Parliamentary Forum on WASH, water user committees, farmer groups and other decision making platforms, so as to foster better and informed public participation in decision-making.

There are still huge gaps in water technology development, research and innovations in Africa. There is need to invest in young people as potential innovators and entrepreneurs capable of creating solutions to water and climate change challenges.

Increase awareness, skills and access to the available technologies through multi-level and multi-stakeholders "sharing platform".

Multi-level and integrated approach to issues related to sustainable management of water/natural resources.

Technologies for themes is readily available however the current old school thinking legislative framework makes it difficult to purchase such outbound and inbound tech. This leads to reluctance to implement new technologies and you find people reverting to default mode. Investigations on to the opportunities and misalignment of innovation, regulation and legislation.

Lack of capacity and knowledge in climate smart technologies.

Governance structures methodologies hardly impact as expected as little is known on what to is needed, when and where, thus misplaced priorities.

The above themes have not been highlighted as important courses in the higher institutions. I believe they should be included as courses in the curriculum of higher institutions. Research institutes can also provide this courses as certified short courses. With adequate publicity on their availability and importance.

Use of citizen science to raise understanding and to create change.

Professional in the water and hydro-allied sector of the economy should be incorporated in planning and execution of programs such as agricultural production, manufacturing and energy production and management.

Include water management training including demonstrations as part of the curricula at all education levels from primary level.

The human and institutional capacity dimension has the potential to positively impact the other dimensions...i.e., technology, governance structures, interaction process users and solution providers, and business opportunities among others.

There should be combination of themes and disciplines to reduce the knowledge gaps.

Thresholds for early warning for climate-related disasters.

Each specific theme & dimension is interrelated to other. Therefore, we could use an inclusive down to top community based approach with the participation of Indigenous Peoples, teachers, women, traditional - cultural - social - religious leaders and all the marginalized in local communities.

Building expertise could be facilitated by greater opportunities for periods of training outside and within African countries from relevant experts.

Data, information and analyses is key in providing options for operational partners in changing contexts, along with capacity building surrounding collecting this information and providing analyses.

Together with capacity building, both institutional and human, supporting governance structures need to set up to ensure sustainability of approaches to reduce knowledge gaps in all sectors. Address issues of balanced PPP's as alliances and not biased to uncontrolled influence of multi-nationals.

Climate change needs to be embedded and mainstreamed in higher level governance structures such as the presidency (i.e. in Kenya) or more cross-cutting areas (i.e. not just the ministry of the environment). The scientific evidence-base should be determined from a spatial risk and vulnerability assessment that is integrated across sectors and industries.

Realization Project Hydro power plants for Africa (HPP)

There is need to strengthen policy implementation and reform of obsolete policies that no longer meet up with international best practices. There is need for more investment in evidence-based research in order to strengthen water policies and implementation.

Increase participation to specific networks among stakeholders (not only process users and solution providers but also researchers, institutions and SMEs).

A smart guideline for interaction of all themes is required. It is difficult to relate and participate in solution based ideas with one service provider because of the PPP and the fact that everything should be transparent and fair even if you are dealing with IP related solutions. This also makes users reluctant to participate in such engagements dampening the spirit of solution engagements. Create a framework or guideline for user supplier interaction without breaking the rules of engagement covering all scenarios.

The integration of local communities in all aspects affecting them is the key to narrow the gaps related to the above themes. Subsidies on tech products for local communities to harness alternative energy (solar and thermal) and a deep understanding of their adaptive capacity could shine a light on improvement.

Technology is the bedrock for development. Promotion of these themes at engineering and technical schools are important. Government funding in terms of laboratory equipment is also necessary. Technology hubs can also be created with a focus of creating local/adaptable technologies in this areas. Publicity of breakthroughs and achievements from universities and other research bodies is necessary in creating awareness and developing the interest of the next generation.

There is a need to support developing countries in science and technology related to water protection and assist them finically in water treatment.

Development and diffusion of new tools for waste water and organic waste treatment without the production of toxic volatile substances and recovery of raw materials with the production of green energy.

The issue of governance structures has little room of capacitating policy makers.

What is needed most is to increase populations’ awareness on all types of water mismanagements; be it potable water, water for irrigation or for industry or just water in water authorities’ facilities. How to address each case should be at increasing levels from community to local up to regional international level. In each level key of stakeholders should be closely involved for finding adequate solution that will enrich a web-based knowledge platform.

One of the research gaps in the developing countries such as Kenya is innovative strategies for widespread introduction of acceptable environmental levies for water consumers (urban centres, irrigation and hydropower generation) to support sustainable payment schemes for watershed services as an adaptation for climate change. This, for example, requires policy research to support governments in the adoption of PES around the world as an alternative option for watershed conservation and agroforestry financing.

As a result of climate change, the changing rain pattern has continued to expose a number of African countries serious challenges; in some places flood and others drought. The areas experiencing flood due to excessive rainfall or flow from neighborhood are required to invest in constructing dams and other water harvest solutions so as to use the excess water for hydroelectricity and agriculture. While the dry areas experiencing shortage of water and drought need to invest in water harvest techniques, renewable energy and efficient water usage solutions. The renewable energy would also help in greening the environment so as to attract more rain. To bridge the funding and technical gaps a number green financing and climate compliant development facilities are available to help these countries.

Strengthens public institutions to be independent from individual influences (ie. rogue politicians). Implementation is very poor on these areas and there is a poor monitoring and evaluation procedures on the fields of actions. Actual applications of policies on the field ought to be a empirical reality not theoretical on documents by experts.

Bringing about enabling environments for fieldwork by experts would further facilitates reaching-out-to the-people who are the real target. Empower field experts to bring about changes and application of their various research findings for the benefit of the African peoples.